نشریه طب انتظامی
پیاپی 2 (پاییز 1391)

This study introduces an efficient virus-like system for gene delivery and DNA vaccine production by designing a delivery system based on membrane phosphatidylcholine. This structure would be beneficial in different branches of medicine.

In order to encapsulate plasmid DNA in a closed structure, we were able to construct a cell-like system encapsulating DNA employing two consequtive dehydration-rehydration processes. The characteristics of the obtained structure were investigated by electrophoresis, spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). After optimization of the system, they were added to CHO cells to deliver GFP reporter gene, and then its toxicity was investigated. Their transfection efficiency was studied by using fluorescence microscopy.

Inspite of the fact thet the designed lipid bilayer system was neutral in terms of surface charges, it was able to encapsulate DNA with high efficiency (98%) even in the absence of cations. In addition, the resulted system was highly stable and also was able to keep the DNA molecule in its structure for more than 6 months. These virus-like lipid bilayer vesicles were able to transfect the reporter gene GFP to CHO cells.

Although the cationic structures are very common in DNA vaccines production now, their cytotoxic properties limit their application. New results in terms of gene delivery by neutral structures would be promising in this field and production of the efficient and safe system against viral diseases. Since the construction of this system is cost benefit, it could be used for people in deprived areas.

Endotracheal intubation is a procedure that normally used in the intensive care and emergency units by physicians, nurses and health care team. Various factors, including positive pressure ventilation, intubation time, position of head relative to body, body temperature, body movement, and gas emission can change the amount of cuff pressure but in fact there is no scientific evidence to indicate the efficient program to control these factors for patient who receives mechanical ventilation. Therefore, present study was conducted to determine the effect of inspiratory oxygen fraction as well as body temperature on the endotracheal tube cuff pressure in this group of patients. Seventy patients that were randomly selected from the hospital belong to Mashhad university medical sciences, participated in this correlation study. Endotracheal tube cuff pressure and body temperature measurements were done hourly (per hour) for ten times with standard thermometer and special sphygmomanometer. Recorded data were analyzed in SPSS version 11.5 with using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient, t- test, Kruskal wallis and Man-Witni test. Results showed that the cuff pressured for 80% of patient were out of standard (30 ml water). There was (p< 0.001), while inspiratory oxygen fraction was not significantly associated with pressure. In addition, no interaction was found between cuff pressure and temperature as well as oxygen fraction. Regarding the fact that the abnormal cuff pressure leads to the patient’s return with complications of intubations the precise and periodical control of cuff pressure and also it’s impressive variable such as temperature and inspiratory oxygen fraction required to be considered as necessary issues.

Intravenous Drug Abusers are prone to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome more than normal population. The aim of this study was investigating the association between HIV infection and perilous- impulsive behaviors in Heroin injection addicts. In a case-control study, 67 cases of injection Heroin addicts with HIV+ and HIV- from Shafaq rehabilitation center in Tehran were selected by using available sampling, and assigned to three groups of homeless heroin addicts with positive HIV and negative HIV injection Heroin and also homeness Heroin addicts with negative HIV. They were surveyed by Eysenck, Barrett’s questionnaires and Deal of test reduction. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS with using descriptive statistics and chi-square test (p ≤0/05). Comparing impulsivity indexes in three groups reveals that only the impulsivity index of Eysenck is significantly different (P=0.05). Also three groups had significant different empathy index of Eysenck (P=0.04). In fact Impulsivity in homeless group with HIV+ and sympathy in homness group with HIV_ were the highest. Also there was also a relation between HIV infection and cost, history of imprisonment as well as how to get narcotics. High levels of impulsivity among intravenous addicts and the possibility of using shared needles among homeless addicts with human immunodeficiency virus can provide the circumanstances for further expansion of AIDS. Therefore, considering these indexes as prognostic factors of HIV infection in the strategic planning is proposed.

The aim of the present study was to consider the relationship between Shift Work (SW) and Job Satisfaction (JS) among military healthcare personnel. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 301 workers from one of the military subspeciality hospitals in 2010, who were selected with stratified random sampling method. The tools used ifor data collection were standardize JSS job satisfaction questioner with 7 subscale included: “Pay and Benefit”, “Supervision”, “Nature of Work”, “Communication”, “Promotion”, “Operating Procedures”, “Coworker” and also a questioner including demographical variable. In this study we used descriptive statistics (mean, percent) and inferential statistics (ANOVA, Duncan Post hoc test) and for analysis of data we used SPSS programmer version 16. Our sample consist of 301 subjects including 122 (40.5%) day Shift Workers (SWO), 65(21.6%) morning and afternoon SWO, 43 (14.3%) routine SWO and 71(23.6%) night SWO. Among all subscales of JS just JS (P=0.021) and two subscale “Pay and Benefit” (P=0.005) and “Operating Procedures” (P=0.009) show significant relationship with SW while others subscale did not. Day worker and morning and afternoon Shift Workers showed the highest JS rather than routine and night ones. Because night work and rotation work are known as the most important factor in dissatisfaction, modify these two factors should be considered in official guidelines.

Any change in health has an status effect on nursing roles.Chronic renal disease and its hemodialysis cause some problems in pataints dialysis adquacy, Despit the significant progress achieved in hemodialysis pataints during recent decades, dialysis adquacy is still less than the normal level.The aim of this study is to assess the implementation of continuous care model on dialysis adquacy in pataints with hemodialysis. This study is a clinical trial that was conducted between October 2012 and December 2012 the randomized clinical trial was conducted on 35 hemodialysis pations from Imam Reza hospital and 35 hemodialysis pations from Hajar hospital. Based on the even and odd days, study and control group were randomly choosen from both hospital. After implementation of continues care model in interevention group for three months, dialysis adequacy were evaluated using Daugirdas 2 furmula befor and after the end of three month in both groups. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 statistical software, with the use of descriptive statistics fisher, paired t-test and chi square. Our results indicate that dialysis adquacy scores in interevention group was significantly more than control group in all stages (p-value=0.001) The mean dialysis adequacy was respectively 0.94 (0.28) and 1.28 (0.28) (p=0.001) befor and after the intervention in the study group and 0.98 (0.34) and 1.04 (0.22) (p=0.36) in the control group. By considering the significant effect of the implementation of continuous care model on dialysis adequacy improvement, training simple skills of life is highly recommended for this group of patients as well as patients with other chronic disorders.

Bachground: Distribioution of disease location based on geographic information system (GIS) is considered as an infrastructure in the field of health in formation managment and also known as a fundamental issue in the field of new tachnologies in police medicine. The aim of this article is Distribution reviews of some infectious diseases based on geographic information system in the area of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari. This exploratory study was done in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province. The first step of the study was determination of the base spread of infectious diaseases and their geographical location by using GPS. to provide digital databases they were transfered to the computer. By applying the entity relationship and also the model, infectious disaese databases was designed in GIS and spatial analysis for contagious disease and their distributions in province was done by using ArcGIS 9.3 soft ware. Finally, the digital maps were produced. Raised infectious diseases was found affecting factors on the environmental distribution, types of prevalent contagious diseases in province status of station related to distribution of disease was determined. The distribution of infectious diseases and its relation with other health components was designed in GIS and the numeral maps with the scale of 1:4,000,000 were provided. The zoning of common infectious diseases in Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari province was found. GIS in zoning infectious diseases, acted as monitor for disease distribution in different geographic regions. The focus of health managers of Chahar Mahal and Bakhtiari to the distribution of disease based on GIS are essential to WEBMASTER. This system provides necessary Information for planning, quick, correct and updated decision making in the field of health to predict and determine the spatial relation of contagious diseases for NAJA health managers are supported.

Aptamers are single stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides with noticeable affinity to their specific targets. This characteristic of aptamers is comparable to antibody-antigen interaction. Aptamers are selected by an in vitro process called SELEX. This process lead to selection of high affinity sequences to a special target. Since aptamers are high- affinity selective-acting compounds, they have lots of applications in different fields of science. Drugs sensing, poison and medicine sensing, bioterrorism agent assessment, and tracing the residual of warfare agents in the environment are some of related application of aptamers to police and military services. This paper will review the previously reported papers in the field of aptamers with the potential of using in the police missions.

Echinococcus granulosus is the most common cause of the hydatid disease in human. This worm is one of the important and serious human infections, and it is also common and important in Iran. Liver and lung are the most common sites but muscles, due to high level of lactic acid and contractility, are the rare areas involved by hydatid cysts. Clinical symptoms in unusual placement are nonspecific and definitive diagnosis of hydatidosis is based on histological examination after surgical resection. The aim of this article is reporting of a rare case of hydatid cyst in thigh muscle. Case Report: The patient was a 61 year-old woman with a history of 10 months mass in right inguinal part that has been gradually enlarged. There was not any sign of fever or loss of appetite, the results of CT scan also suggested a mass originating from fat tissue or probable malignancy. Finally the patient underwent surgery with the primary diagnosis of inguinal sarcoma and pathologic results of the cystic lesion revealed hydatid disease. Three days after operation, the patient discharged from hospital with good condition and Albendazol was administered. According to low prevalence of hydatid disease, it must be considered in differential dignosis of limb masses especially in endemic areas. Also it is recommended that in endemic areas, general population especially women become familiar with the disease, compliance, health and prevention issues.